SCS was first used to treat pain in 1967 and later approved for use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 1989 to relieve pain caused by nerve damage in the trunk, arms, or legs (including lower back pain, leg pain, and failed back surgery).
The device is implanted near the spinal column and functions similarly to a cardiac pacemaker. In place of pain, a person will typically feel a light pins-and-needles sensation. Newer systems, like the Senza stimulation system approved in 2015, have been able to largely overcome this effect.
The SCS system consists of four components that work together to deliver electrical stimulation to the source of the pain (also known as the pain generator). Most devices today weigh a little more than an ounce and are comprised of a pulse generator, electrical leads, a remote control, and battery recharger.
The epidural space is the area between the covering of the spine (called the dura mater) and the vertebral wall. It is where anesthetic medications are commonly injected to block pain during pregnancy.
Most IPGs today are powered by a rechargeable battery, although traditional, non-rechargeable units are still in use.
At the end of each lead is an electrode which is inserted into the epidural space. There are two main types of leads:
Percutaneous leads (percutaneous meaning “under the skin”) which are inserted into soft tissue with a simple incision Surgical leads which, as their name implies, are inserted during back surgery
A remote control can be vital for making adjustments if your IPG is ever affected by electromagnetic interference (EMI). This can happen if ever you are close to equipment, such as airport security devices, that generate a strong electromagnetic field. When hit by EMI, an IPG can turn off or increase to a level where the electrical pulse is uncomfortably strong.
A remote allows you to temporarily adjust or switch off the unit if needed. Unlike a pacemaker, which can’t be turned off, a spinal cord stimulator can.
The IPG battery is recharged by placing the cordless recharger on the skin directly over the unit. It is held in place by an adjustable belt strap and usually takes several hours each week to fully recharge. A beep and/or light indicator will tell you when the battery is fully recharged.
